In routers, which memory area contains the startup configuration?

In routers, which memory area contains the startup configuration?

• A. RAM
• B. NVRAM
• C. Boot ROM
• D. Flash

Answer: (B)

Startup configuration is stored in non-volatile memory so it persists across reboots. This memory area keeps the startup-config, and during boot the router loads that file from non-volatile RAM into RAM as the running configuration—the active settings the device uses while operating. The other memory areas have different roles: RAM holds the running configuration and other volatile data, Flash stores the IOS image and related files, and the boot ROM holds the bootstrap loader. Keeping the startup configuration in non-volatile memory ensures the device re-applies the same settings after every power cycle.

Startup configuration is stored in non-volatile memory so it persists across reboots. This memory area keeps the startup-config, and during boot the router loads that file from non-volatile RAM into RAM as the running configuration—the active settings the device uses while operating. The other memory areas have different roles: RAM holds the running configuration and other volatile data, Flash stores the IOS image and related files, and the boot ROM holds the bootstrap loader. Keeping the startup configuration in non-volatile memory ensures the device re-applies the same settings after every power cycle.